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REFERENCES

The Pill

  1. Queens Land Health. 9 types of contraception you can use to prevent pregnancy. Available at: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/news-events/news/types-contraceptionwomen-condoms-pill-iud-ring-implant-injection-diaphragm. Last accessed 18 Jun 2020.
  2. Planned parenthood. How to Use Birth Control Pills | Follow Easy Instructions. Available at: https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/birth-control/birth-controlpill/how-do-i-use-the-birth-control-pill. Last accessed 18 Jun 2020.
  3. Mayo clinic. Healthy Lifestyle Birth control . Available at: https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/birth-control/in-depth/best-birth-controlpill/art-20044807. Last accessed 18 Jun 2020.
  4. MGH Center for Women's Mental Health. Do Oral Contraceptives Cause Mood Swings or Depression? Available at: https://womensmentalhealth.org/posts/you-askeddo-oral-contraceptives-cause-mood-swings-or-depression/. Last accessed 18 Jun 2020.
  5. Planned parenthood. What are the benefits of the birth control pill? Available at: https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/birth-control/birth-control-pill/what-are-thebenefits-of-the-birth-control-pill . Last accessed 18 Jun 2020.
  6. American society for reproductive medicine. Non contraceptive Benefits of Birth Control Pills. Available at: https://www.reproductivefacts.org/news-andpublications/patient-fact-sheets-and-booklets/documents/fact-sheets-and-infobooklets/noncontraceptive-benefits-of-birth-control-pills/. Last accessed 18 Jun 2020.
  7. Boston University school of public Health. Long-term Oral Contraceptive Use Doesn’t Hurt Fertility, Study Finds. Available at: https://www.bu.edu/sph/2013/04/04/long-termoral-contraceptive-use-doesnt-hurt-fertilitystudyfinds/#:~:text=Long%2Dterm%20Oral%20Contraceptive%20Use%20Doesn,t%20 Hurt%20Fertility%2C%20Study%20Finds&text=Long%2Dterm%20use%20of%20oral,B U%20School%20of%20Public%20Health. Last accessed 18 Jun 2020.
  8. Nemours Kids Health. Definition: Hormones. Available at: https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/hormones.html#:~:text=Hormones,beta%20cells%20in% 20the%20pancreas. Accessed 18 Jun 2020.
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  10. Nemours Kids Health. Everything You Wanted to Know About Puberty. Available at: https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/puberty.html. Last accessed 18 Jun 2020.
  11. The Royal Women's Hospital. About periods. Available at: https://www.thewomens.org.au/health-information/periods/periods-overview/aboutperiods. Accessed 18 Jun 2020.
  12. the National Health Service (NHS). Can I get pregnant if I have sex without penetration? Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/common-health-questions/pregnancy/cani-get-pregnant-if-i-have-sex-withoutpenetration/#:~:text=It's%20possible%20for%20you%20to,partner%20ejaculates%20ne ar%20your%20vagina . accessed 18 Jun 2020.
  13. Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG). Contraception: Hormonal contraceptives. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441576/ . accessed 18 Jun 2020.
  14. Mayo Clinic. Birth control pill FAQ: Benefits, risks and choices. Available at: https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/birth-control/in-depth/birth-control-pill/art20045136 . accessed 18 Jun 2020.
  15. Mayo Clinic. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) - Symptoms and causes. Available at: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/premenstrual-syndrome/symptomscauses/syc-20376780 . accessed 18 Jun 2020.
  16. Mayo Clinic. Menstrual cycle: What's normal, what's no? Available at: https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/womens-health/in-depth/menstrualcycle/art-20047186 . accessed 18 Jun 2020.
  17. Derry PS. Is menstruation obsolete? Bmj. 2007;334(7600):955-.
  18. Skroza N, Tolino E, Mambrin A, Zuber S, Balduzzi V, Marchesiello A, Bernardini N, Proietti I, Potenza C. Adult acne versus adolescent acne: a retrospective study of 1,167 patients. The Journal of clinical and aesthetic dermatology. 2018 ;11(1):21.
  19. the National Health Service (NHS). What is contraception? Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/contraception/what-is-contraception/ . accessed 18 Jun 2020.
  20. University College London. Contraception Choices.: Taking a break. Available at: https://www.contraceptionchoices.org/did-you-know/takingbreak#:~:text=Contraception%20is%20incredibly%20safe%20for,safely%20used%20co ntinuously%20without%20breaks). . accessed 18 Jun 2020.
  21. the National Health Service (NHS). Intrauterine system (IUS). Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/contraception/ius-intrauterine-system/ . accessed 18 Jun 2020.
  22. Planned parenthood. Pull Out Method | Withdrawal Method | What is Pulling Out? Available at: https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/birth-control/withdrawal-pull-out method#:~:text=What's%20the%20withdrawal%20method%20(pulling,vulva%20or%20v agina%20prevents%20pregnancy. Accessed 18 Jun 2020.
  23. University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics. Birth control pill fact sheet. Available at: https://uihc.org/health-topics/birth-control-pill-fact-sheet . accessed 18 Jun 2020.
  24. Cleveland Clinic. Contraception Myths. Available at: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/9137-contraception-myths . accessed 18 Jun 2020.
  25. Family Planning - A global handbook for providers 2018 edition. Available at: https://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/fp-global-handbook/en/ . accessed 18 Jun 2020.
  26. Planned parenthood. What's the Best Kind of Birth Control for You? Available at: https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/teens/preventing-pregnancy-stds/whats-bestkind-birthcontrol#:~:text=The%20kinds%20of%20birth%20control,if%20you%20use%20them%20 perfectly. accessed 18 Jun 2020.
  27. Planned parenthood. What are the Best Birth Control Options While Breastfeeding? Available at: https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/birthcontrol/breastfeeding/whats-best-birth-control-option-while-breastfeeding . accessed 18 Jun 2020.
  28. the National Health Service (NHS). Signs and symptoms of pregnancy. Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pregnancy-and-baby/signs-and-symptoms-pregnancy/ . accessed 18 Jun 2020.
  29. the National Health Service (NHS). Stomach pain in pregnancy. Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pregnancy-and-baby/stomach-pain-abdominal-cramppregnant/ . accessed 18 Jun 2020.
  30. the National Health Service (NHS). Stretch marks in pregnancy. Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pregnancy-and-baby/stretch-marks-pregnant/ . accessed 18 Jun 2020.
  31. Perry S, Hockenberry M, Lowdermilk D, Wilson D. Maternal child nursing care. 5th ed. 2014. Available at: https://www.elsevier.com/books/maternal-child-nursingcare/perry/978-0-323-09610-2 . accessed 18 Jun 2020.
  32. the National Health Service (NHS). Intrauterine device (IUD). Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/contraception/iud-coil/ . accessed 18 Jun 2020.
  33. Girum T, Wasie A. Return of fertility after discontinuation of contraception: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Contraception and reproductive medicine. 2018 Dec 1;3(1):9.
  34. Mayo Clinic. Male condoms. Available at: https://www.mayoclinic.org/testsprocedures/condoms/about/pac-20385063 . accessed 18 Jun 2020.
  35. the National Health Service (NHS). How effective is emergency contraception? Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/contraception/how-effective-emergencycontraception/ . accessed 18 Jun 2020.
  36. Center for Young Women's Health. Intra-Uterine Devices (IUDs). Available at: https://youngwomenshealth.org/2012/08/02/iud/ . accessed 18 Jun 2020.
  37. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Long-Acting Reversible Contraception: Intrauterine Device and Implant. Available at: https://www.acog.org/patient-resources/faqs/contraception/long-acting-reversiblecontraception-intrauterine-device-andimplant#:~:text=The%20intrauterine%20device%20(IUD)%20and,and%20are%20easy %20to%20use. accessed 18 Jun 2020.
  38. Cleveland clinic. Birth Control: The Pill. Available at: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/drugs/3977-birth-control-the-pill. Accessed 18 Jun 2020.
  39. the National Health Service (NHS). Doing a pregnancy test. Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pregnancy-and-baby/pregnancy-test/ . accessed 18 Jun 2020.

INTRAUTERINE DEVICE – IUD

  1. Family Planning Handbook (FPHandbook).Chapter 10 -Copper-Bearing Intrauterine Device.available at: https://www.fphandbook.org/sites/default/files/Chapter_10_Eng.pdf. last accessed 26/1/2021
  2. National Health Services (NHS).Contraception.Intrauterine device (IUD).available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/contraception/iud-coil/. last accessed 26/1/2021
  3. SexWise.Contraception.IUD (Intrauterine device).available at: https://www.sexwise.org.uk/contraception/iud-intrauterine-device. last accessed: 26/1/2021
  4. Family Planning.Contraception.INTRA UTERINE DEVICE (IUD). available at: https://www.familyplanning.org.nz/advice/contraception/intra-uterine-device-iud. last accessed 26/1/2021

IT’S EASIER THAN IT LOOKS

  1. Family Planning.Contraception.INTRA UTERINE DEVICE (IUD). available at: https://www.familyplanning.org.nz/advice/contraception/intra-uterine-device-iud. last accessed 26/1/2021
  2. Family Planning Handbook (FPHandbook).Chapter 10 -Copper-Bearing Intrauterine Device.available at: https://www.fphandbook.org/sites/default/files/Chapter_10_Eng.pdf. last accessed 26/1/2021
  3. SexWise.Contraception.IUD (Intrauterine device).available at: https://www.sexwise.org.uk/contraception/iud-intrauterine-device. last accessed: 26/1/2021
  4. National Health Services (NHS).Contraception.Intrauterine device (IUD).available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/contraception/iud-coil/. last accessed 26/1/2021

PROS AND CONS

  1. National Health Services (NHS).Contraception.Intrauterine device (IUD).available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/contraception/iud-coil/. last accessed 26/1/2021
  2. Family Planning.Contraception.INTRA UTERINE DEVICE (IUD). available at: https://www.familyplanning.org.nz/advice/contraception/intra-uterine-device-iud. last accessed 26/1/2021
  3. SexWise.Contraception.IUD (Intrauterine device).available at: https://www.sexwise.org.uk/contraception/iud-intrauterine-device. last accessed: 26/1/2021
  4. SexWise.Intra uterine device (IUD) your guide. available at: https://www.sexwise.org.uk/sites/default/files/resource/2017-10/intrauterine-device-iud-your-guide.pdf. last accessed 26/1/2021

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

  1. SEXWISE.CONTRACEPTION.IUD (INTRAUTERINE DEVICE).AVAILABLE AT: HTTPS://WWW.SEXWISE.ORG.UK/CONTRACEPTION/IUD-INTRAUTERINE-DEVICE. LAST ACCESSED: 26/1/2021
  2. SEXWISE.INTRA UTERINE DEVICE (IUD) YOUR GUIDE. AVAILABLE AT: HTTPS://WWW.SEXWISE.ORG.UK/SITES/DEFAULT/FILES/RESOURCE/2017-10/INTRAUTERINE-DEVICE-IUD-YOUR-GUIDE.PDF. LAST ACCESSED 26/1/2021
  3. NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES (NHS).CONTRACEPTION.INTRAUTERINE DEVICE (IUD).AVAILABLE AT: HTTPS://WWW.NHS.UK/CONDITIONS/CONTRACEPTION/IUD-COIL/. LAST ACCESSED 26/1/2021
  4. FAMILY PLANNING HANDBOOK (FPHANDBOOK).CHAPTER 10 -COPPER-BEARING INTRAUTERINE DEVICE.AVAILABLE AT: HTTPS://WWW.FPHANDBOOK.ORG/SITES/DEFAULT/FILES/CHAPTER_10_ENG.PDF. LAST ACCESSED 26/1/2021
  5. NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES (NHS).SEXUAL HEALTH DORSET.POST INSERTION ADVICE FOR USERS FP6. AVAILABLE AT: HTTPS://SEXUALHEALTHDORSET.ORG/WP-CONTENT/UPLOADS/2018/06/FP6-IUD-POST-INSERTION-ADVICE-LEAFLET.PDF. LAST ACCESSED 26/1/2021
  6. FAMILY PLANNING HANDBOOK (FPHANDBOOK).CHAPTER 10 -COPPER-BEARING INTRAUTERINE DEVICE.AVAILABLE AT: HTTPS://WWW.FPHANDBOOK.ORG/SITES/DEFAULT/FILES/CHAPTER_10_ENG.PDF. LAST ACCESSED 26/1/2021
  7. NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES (NHS).CONTRACEPTION.INTRAUTERINE SYSTEM (IUS).AVAILABLE AT: HTTPS://WWW.NHS.UK/CONDITIONS/CONTRACEPTION/IUS-INTRAUTERINE-SYSTEM/ . LAST ACCESSED: 26/1/2021

KNOW YOUR OPTIONS

  1. SexWise.Contraception.Condom.External.available at: https://www.sexwise.org.uk/contraception/condoms-external . Last accessed 27/1/2021.
  2. National Health Services (NHS).Contraception. male condom. Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/contraception/male-condoms/ . last accessed at: 27/1/2021.
  3. Options for sexual health.birthcontrol.methods.external condoms.available at: https://www.optionsforsexualhealth.org/facts/birth-control/methods/external-condoms/#1550008055237-2baa16bd-7e5d4323-f0d5 . last accessed at: 27/1/2021.
  4. Planned Parenthood. Birth Control.Breastfeeding.What’s the best birth control option while breastfeeding?.available at: https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/birth-control/breastfeeding/whats-best-birth-control-option-while-breastfeeding . Last accessed at: 27/1/2021.

CONTRACEPTIVE PATCH

  1. SexWise.Contraception.Contraceptive patch.available at: https://www.sexwise.org.uk/contraception/contraceptive-patch . Last accessed 27/1/2021
  2. National Health Services (NHS).Contraception.Contraceptive patch.available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/contraception/contraceptive-patch/ .last accessed 27/1/2021

CONTRACEPTIVE VAGINAL RING

  1. SexWise.Contraception.Contraceptive vaginal ring.available at: https://www.sexwise.org.uk/contraception/contraceptive-vaginal-ring . Last accessed 27/1/2021
  2. National Health Services (NHS).Contraception.Vaginal ring.available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/contraception/vaginal-ring/ .last accessed 27/1/2021

CONTRACEPTIVE INJECTION

  1. SexWise.Contraception.Contraceptive injections.available at: https://www.sexwise.org.uk/contraception/contraceptive-injections . Last accessed 31/1/2021
  2. National Health Services (NHS).Contraception.Contraceptive injections.available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/contraception/contraceptive-injection/. last accessed 31/1/2021

LONG-ACTING REVERSIBLE METHODS

  1. SexWise.Contraception.Contraceptive implants.available at: https://www.sexwise.org.uk/contraception/contraceptive-implant. Last accessed 31/1/2021
  2. National Health Services (NHS).Contraception.Contraceptive implants.available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/contraception/contraceptive-implant/ .last accessed 31/1/2021

OTHER METHODS 1.PULL-OUT METHOD (WITHDRAWAL METHOD)

  1. Planned parenthood.Withdrawel (pull out method). available at: https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/birth-control/withdrawal-pull-out-method . Last accessed: 31/1/2021
  2. Planned parenthood.Withdrawel (pull out method). How effective is pulling out?.available at: https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/birth-control/withdrawal-pull-out-method/how-effective-is-withdrawal-method-pulling-out . Last accessed: 31/1/2021
  3. Planned parenthood.Withdrawel (pull out method). What are the benefits of the pull out method?.available at: https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/birth-control/withdrawal-pull-out-method/what-are-the-benefits-of-withdrawal . Last accessed: 31/1/2021
  4. MayoClinic. Withdrawal method (coitus interruptus).available at: https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/withdrawal-method/about/pac-20395283 . Last accessed 31/1/2021

EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTIVES

  1. National Health Services.Contraception.Emergency Contraception. Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/contraception/emergency-contraception/ . last accessed 31/1/2021
  2. Terrence Higgins Trust (THT).Sexual Health.Contraception.Emergency.available at: https://www.tht.org.uk/hiv-and-sexual-health/sexual-health/improving-your-sexual-health/contraception/emergency . Last accessed 31/1/2021

FERTILITY AWARENESS

  1. Options for sexual health.birthcontrol.methods.Fertility Awareness method.available at: https://www.optionsforsexualhealth.org/facts/birth-control/methods/fertility-awareness-method/ . last accessed at: 31/1/2021
  2. SexWise.Contraception.Fertility Awareness method.available at: https://www.sexwise.org.uk/contraception/fertility-awareness-methods .last accessed 31/1/2021
  3. National Health Services.Contraception.Natural Family Planning. Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/contraception/natural-family-planning/ . last accessed 31/1/2021
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